Among adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery, infusion of amino acids reduces the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI), according to a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine. The study authors examined the efficacy of amino acids in reducing the occurrence of AKI after cardiac surgery. The analysis included 3,511 adult patients scheduled to undergo cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass and randomly assigned to receive an intravenous infusion of either a balanced mixture of amino acids (2 g per kilogram of ideal body weight per day) or placebo (Ringer’s solution) for up to three days. According to the findings, AKI occurred in 26.9% of patients in the amino acid group and in 31.7% of the placebo group (relative risk, 0.85). Stage 3 AKI occurred in 1.6% and 3.0% of patients, respectively (relative risk, 0.56). Kidney replacement therapy was needed in 1.4% of patients in the amino acid group versus 1.9% in the placebo group. Secondary outcomes and reports of AEs were found to be similar between the groups.